Tire.



PATENTBD MAR. 12, 1907.

E. B. GADWELL.'

TIRE.

APPLIGATIDN FILED MAB. 24, i904.

2' SHEETS-SHEET n.

@mi {inve-a o eo UNITED ...STATES .PATENT ,OFFICE- v EDWIN 12.. CADWELL, or NEW YORK, N. Y;, ASSIGNOR ORONEJrHIRD To FRANK JOHNSTON AND ONEJrHIRD To `FRANK M. ASHLEY.

TIRE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

'Patented -March 1907.

Applicatie mea :auch 24.1 90g.. serial NQ. 199.676.

Vspec'ication J A Myv inventionv in vehicle-tires relates to` that class usually constructed of rubber, gum, or other compositions which permit of considerable resiliency, and particularly to cushion-tires wherein'anumber of cells are formed within the tire to permit ef considerable range of yielding beyond that which the material itself permits. In tires of this charf acter heretofore', due to the strain imposed upon the material when the vehicle is in transit, particularly when the tire is einployedin propel.ing-Wheels, the tensile strengthis somewhat impaired.

It is the object of my invention t'oso .con-

. struct these tires that the material will be 4 displaced sufliciently to give the re uired resiliency and at the'same time maintain 'the tensile strength in the longitudinal or driving direction of the Wheel to which the tire is secured.` r

It is a further object of myinvention to increase the tractve effort and prevent slipping on wet `pavements and the like, while at the same time maintaining the'longitudinal strength, whereby the tension of the material wi.l not be taxed to as grea an extent as by thoseconstructions of a similar character heretofore in vogue and previous to my invention of which I am at present aware.

' Still another object of importance is attained by -my improvements in the reduction of the cost of production of tiresof this character, since they may be. made of either a single length united so as to form the circle.

or built up of sections which 'when united at their ends comprise the completetire. v

Further objects .of my invention lwill -be found in studying'the several sheets of drawings hereto attached, which form part of this application,` as well as in the descriptive matter relating thereto, and the distinct features o' novelty will be emphasized in the claims. With reference to the drawings, Figure 1 Ais a top plan view of a tire embodying my invention in which recesses are shown located o poste each other and extending toward tliiev center of the tire anda portion of the' 'is a vertical longitudinal view of the in'g-c'dpsand cells, 4which will be more fully described hereinafter. Fig. 2 is a vertical ,'sectionalielevation of the same tire, takencentrally through apair of the recesses. Fig; 3 6e same. Fig'. 4 is an edge or iike'view of the metal clip indicated in' ther dotted-lines in Fig.l1. Fig` 5 is a plan viewer the same. Fig.' 6 is a ver tical section 'of another form cfr-the :tirein 65.

whichV the recesses are not placed opposite each other,but are arranged in staggered .elation to each other, and in which the recesses extend across the' greater width of the tlre, for reasons hereinafter .explainedA Fig. -7 is 7c a plan view of the tire shown in Fig. 6. Fig., S is alan view of a tire having a Wider tread l and esigned to carry exceptionally heav loads and in which the recesses are V-shape l in form. Fig. 9 is a vertical sectional yelevar-f; 75 tion of the same. Fig. 10 is a side elevation of th'e saine. Fig. 41 1 is a plan view'pf a ciip suitable for tires as shown in Figs. 8 and 9. Fig. 12 is a side view of thesaid clip. z

In Figs. 1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10 the tires 80 are illustrated as resting in the channel-piecev which forms the rim of the wheel and which is of the usual form well known jin the art. In tires ol this character heretofore, -in gen-Jv eral use the material from which the tire has 8 5 been Constructed, which was usually ofsoft rubber, has been molded from a single piece or strip of rubber. When 4tires are .thus formed and the pressure is exerted on theA tread of the same due to the load of the vehicle, the rubber would low in the lines of least resistance, which in a tire such as just referred to would be laterally, as lthere is no place for the rubber to fiowinits line of rotation except by compressing the rubber directly before and behind the v.line ol." tread, and as the rubber is a material which is non compressible, but iows'due to-'displacementY only, it follows th'atthe greater portion of the material will flow "crease the Width -of the tread lon .the pavement. Under heavy loads this displace-r" ment causes the rubber to be taxed beyondr its elastic-limit, Wit-l1 disintegration takes place in the tire,`due` the effects of excessive stress and heat the material-resulting therefrom'.1'` ifaieo'a i fact that Where the tire is'made of a'cOnt-inuof a lwheel'in 'accordance' with inven- 5 5 i tiem-the dottedlines `indicating metal holdthe result thatfrsf lar letters of reference indicate identical,

ous strip Without provision forthe material to flow in a longitudinal direction that excessive creeping results-that is, the tire tends tochange its position in the rim-and it has been found necessaryto remedy this defect by the use of holding-lugs cement, and other devices.

In cellular tires heretofore designed the Walls which support the cells from each other have been made thin and flexible, so that the tire under pressure would deiicct the walls, and thereby cause .the' action known as cishioning to result.

In the present invention the Walls are made of such thickness that'they will not be deflected by the pressure on the tread, but instead the rubber when under compression will tend to flow in the cells Whichare formed in the base of the tire, and as these cells are closed at the base they former-.parate pneu'- rnatic chambers," which assist the tire to carry the load and also effect a good cushioning action.

In order to eiect thev mainob'ect of invention, I form in the tread o the tire a series of'groovesor recesses spacedin a lon gitudinal direction a distance from each other less thanthe Width of the tire, whereby when under compression thefrubber will How equally in all directions, thus relieving eX- cessive stress in the material, and by the suppleinental use of. the Vcells arranged in the basev of the tire I am able to produce a tire which is durable and of easy-riding qualities. As this result must be obtained without sacrificing the strength of the tire in its longitudinal direction, I form the saine so that the center of the tire Will retain its maximum strength.

Referring now to the drawings which form a. part of'this application, and in which simi-V parts, A represents the tire..

representsthe c'hannel-piece or rim in which the tire is usually secured. Y

C represents the recesses on the right side of the tire, and-C the recesses on the left.

D represents the cells in thev base of the tire, (represented by dott lines.) u

E indicates the metal holding-eclips, which 'areinclos'ed in 4they rubber in the process of manufacturing. v o' F indicates the binding-wire commonly used to secure the tire in the channel or rim, and"G indicates the canvas or other flexible materiel Which is used to form a base-strip and serves to'close the cells'D air-tight. Y

There a tire is to be used under very heavy loads, the cells Dmay be dispensed With,.if

desired, as sufficient resiliency Willbe'effected by the recesses "C and C. -It will be noted that a central web is formed runninglongitudinally of the tire, which web extends to the base of same, and that the cells D are los cated on each side of this web. This 4construction maintains the strength of the tire in its longitudinal direction, and where the recesses C and C are placed opposite each other, as shown in Fig. 1, the web is carried entirely to the surface, whereas when the said recesses are arranged' in staggered reiation to each other they may extend across the center of the tire, vas shown in Figs. 6 and 7.

'Referring tov Fig. 8, it Will be observed that the recesses C and C are made V- shaped inform. This form allows mud and other foreign substances to be forced out of the recesses more easily than When said recesses mre'made asrshown in Fig. 1 and also .e'ects a considerable saving of rubber'and reduces the Weight of the tire. The recesses formed in or near the surface of theV tread of the tire increases the tractive qualities of the same and prevents the tire from slipping on wet pavements, 'both of which are important.

It will also be noted that the rubber is formed so that none of the ribs or Walls will bend, but that it Vwill simply be displaced by compression and tend. to ,How toward the recesses C and C and cells D; The metal clips E are formed with ruptured sides, as

shown ill-Figs. 4 and 5 and 1'1 and-12; /The ruptured sides prevent them heathen/timing displaced. f"

Referring to' Fig.' 9, it will be seen that when the i11ding-Wires'F-are drawn tight they coperate with the edges of the clips/E, which tend tobend outward and thus press the rubber'firmly into the c ennelv crrim B.

When the tire'is made up. of. separate sections unit'ed atV their ends, I` prefer to make said. sections longitudinal to include about six of the blocks or recesses, asfshqwn' in Fig. 1, and place the canvas strip G on each section and then u nited'they sections end to end with liquid rubber-cement, thus forming the com )lete tire. can eas y be done, as-there isv nocanvas covering. or parts." that Wouldf be difficult to make, and in case of repairs a new section can easily be substituted for adamagedone. This tire is easy to mold, easy to-repair, is resilient andelastic, has good traction qualities, is light,chea.p,and durable, and entirely dispenses` *withfthe canvas end rubber covering heretofore deemed necessary in this type of tires. Having thus-described luy-invention, what I'claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, isi--V l. A tire having recesses in its sideswhich extend towrd the center ofthe tread, said recesses being spaced from each other less than the width of the tire,I said tire lievi/:ngl

cells' formed in the base thereof, substantially as described. 'Y

-2. A tire having recesses in its sides which It will benoted that this.

extends toward the center of its tread, said Y recesses beingv staggered relative to each other, in combination with cells in its base; substantially as described.

Aio

combination with cells in its base, and a strip of .flexible material to seal the open ends of said cells; substantially-asdescribed.

5. A' tire composed of separable'sections,

each section having recesses in'its sides above its ase-section, and. -cellsfin its base; substantially as described.

6. .A 'tire composed of separable sections, each section havin recesses in its sides, above its base-section, ce clipsfin its base, substantially as described.

77. `A .tire composed of separate sections,- each section having recesses in its sides, above its base-secti011, cells in its base, and means whereby` the sections may be united vto the rim of the wheel substantially as described.

8. A tire composed of separable yielding sections,` ch section having V-shaped recesses in its sides and cells ,iii its base 5 substantially as described.

9. A tire composed` of separable sections, each section having recesses in its sides eX- tending toward the center of the tread, With cells in its base located onveachside or' Vthe center of said' tire-section and forming there- `by a central web which extends from the base .of the tire tothe surface of the tread;

Correctionsl in Letters Patent No. 846,453.

substantially as described.

[SEAL] ls in its base and holding- 10. A tire havingr recesses in its sides ex- `tending toward the center of the tread, cells in its base on each side of the center of the tire, and binding-aires extending through the solid portion of the tire', substantially as described.

11. A tire composed of separate sections, each section having recesses in its sides and cells in its base, anda holding-plate located in each section.` I

12. A tire composed of separate sections, each section having-recesses in its sides and cells inits base, a holding-plate' in each section andwprovision for holding` said sections together on a Wheel.

13. A tirc'having recesses in its sides'and cells in its base and holding-clips comprising metal plates having;r 'their outer edges turned' upward at an angfle as shown.

14. A tire having recesses in its sides adapted to contact under tread compression, and closed pneumaticcells in its buse.

. A15. A tire having` recesses in its sides adapted'to Contact under tread compression,

closed pneumatic cells in its base, and means for holding said tire to a wheel. Y 'In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

EDWIN B. CADWELL.

Witnesses:

FRANK M. AsHLEY, GUsTAvE HARTUNG.

`It is hereby certified that in Letters Patent'No. 843,453, granted March 12, 1907,- vupon the application of Edwin B. CadwelL-of' New York, N. Y., for an improvement Yin iT ires, errors' occurin the printed specification requiring correction, as follows: In lines 55 and 58, page 3, the w0rd"contact should read contract; and that the said Letters atent shouldbe read with' these corrections therein that the same may conform to the record of the case in the Patent Office.

lSigned and lsealed this 9th day of April, A. D., 1907.

E. B. Moons,

Aio

3. *i tire having recesses in its sides and tread which extend toward the center of the tread, said recesses being V-shaped in form, in combination with cells in its base; substa'ntially as described.

al. A tire having recesses in its sides in combination with cells in its base, and a strip of .flexible material to seal the open ends of said cells; substantially-asdescribed.

5. A' tire composed of separable'sections,

each section having recesses in'its sides above its ase-section, and. -cellsfin its base; sub- 9. A tire composed` of separable sections,

each section having recesses in its sides eX- tending toward the center of the tread, With cells in its base located onveachside or' Vthe center of said' tire-section and forming there- `by a central web which extends from the base .of the tire tothe surface of the tread;

Correctionsl in Letters Patent No. 846,453.

substantially as described.

[SEAL] ls in its base and holding- 10. A tire havingr recesses in its sides ex- `tending toward the center of the tread, cells in its base on each side of the center of the tire, and binding-aires extending through the solid portion of the tire', substantially as described.

11. A tire composed of separate sections, each section having recesses in its sides and cells in its base, anda holding-plate located in each section.` I

12. A tire composed of separate sections, each section having-recesses in its sides and cells inits base, a holding-plate' in each section andwprovision for holding` said sections together on a Wheel.

13. A tirc'having recesses in its sides'and cells in its base and holding-clips comprising metal plates having;r 'their outer edges turned' upward at an angfle as shown.

14. A tire having recesses in its sides adapted to contact under tread compression, and closed pneumaticcells in its buse.

. A15. A tire having` recesses in its sides adapted'to Contact under tread compression,

closed pneumatic cells in its base, and means for holding said tire to a wheel. Y 'In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

EDWIN B. CADWELL.

Witnesses:

FRANK M. AsHLEY, GUsTAvE HARTUNG.

`It is hereby certified that in Letters Patent'No. 843,453, granted March 12, 1907,- vupon the application of Edwin B. CadwelL-of' New York, N. Y., for an improvement Yin iT ires, errors' occurin the printed specification requiring correction, as follows: In lines 55 and 58, page 3, the w0rd"contact should read contract; and that the said Letters atent shouldbe read with' these corrections therein that the same may conform to the record of the case in the Patent Office.

lSigned and lsealed this 9th day of April, A. D., 1907.

E. B. Moons,

Acting Commissioner of Patients.

Corrections in Letters Patent No. 846,453.

It is hereby certified that in Letters`latent No. 846,453, granted March 12, 1907,-

upon the application of Edwin B. Cadwell, of New York, N. Y., for an improvement in T ires, errors occur in the printed specification requiring correction, as follows:

In lines 55 and 58, page 3, the word"contaict should read contract; and than the seid Lettere Patent should be read with' these corrections therein that me @zum may conform to the record of the case in the Patent Office.

Signed and sealed this 9th day of April, A. D., 1907.

[wie] B. M'ooRE,

Aff/ing Commissioner of Par'enla. 

